Network + vocabulary

  • Encapsulate
meaning - v - express the essential features of (something) succinctly.
                    - enclose (something) in or as if in a capsule.
computing - enclose (a message or signal) in a set of codes that allow transfer across networks.
                    ("data requested is encapsulated and can be manipulated.")
                    - provide an interface for (a piece of software or hardware) to allow or simplify access for the user.
  • Ephemeral
meaning - adj - lasting for a very short time.
                 n - an ephemeral plant
networking - an ephemeral port is a very short-lived transport protocol port for Internet Protocol(IP)                               communications. Ephemeral ports are allocated automatically from a predefined range by the IP stack software. On servers, ephemeral ports may also be used as the port assignment on the server end of a communication. (Wikipedia)
  • Duplex
meaning - n - a house divided into two apartments, with a separate entrance for each.
                 adj - (of a house) consisting of two apartments.
                       - (of paper or board) having two differently colored layers or sides.
Networking - Half duplex/ full duplex
                    half duplex - the transmission of data in just one direction at a time. e.g. walkie-talkie
                    full duplex - the transmission of data in both direction.
  • Preamble (synonym - introduction)
meaning - n - a preliminary or preparatory statement an introduction.
networking - A preamble is a signal used in network communications to synchronize transmission                               timing between two or more systems.The role of the preamble is to define a specific series of transmission criteria that is understood to mean "someone is about to transmit data". (techtarget)

Ethernet Frame


  • Teredo/Miredo
Teredo meaning - n - a wormlike marine bivalve mollusk with reduced shells which it uses to drill into                                    wood. It can cause substantial damage to wooden structures and (formerly) ships.
Miredo - Miredo is a Teredo tunneling client designed to allow full IPv6 connectivity to computer                         systems which are on the IPv4-based internet but which have no direct native connection to an IPv6 network. (findwords)
  • hops (similar : jump, bound, skip)
networking - In wired networks, the hop count refers to the number of intermediate network devices through which data must pass between source and destination. Hop count is a rough measure of distance between two hosts. On a layer 3 network such as IP, each router along the data path constitutes a hop.

IPv4 and IPv6


IPv4 supports around 4.29 billion addresses

Tuple - In mathematics, a tuple is a finite ordered list of elements. An n-tuple is a sequence of n elements, where n is a non-negative integer. There is only one 0-tuple, an empty sequence, or empty tuple, as it is referred to. An n-tuple is defined inductively using the construction of an ordered pair.

Tuples are used to group together related data, such as a person's name, their age, and their gender. An assignment to all of the elements in a tuple using a single assignment statement. Tuple assignment occurs simultaneously rather than in sequence, making it useful for swapping values.

Scalper - meaning - A person who resells shares or tickets at a large or quick profit.

Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

Spanning Tree Protocol

Image
Loop protection Connect two switches to each other They'll send traffic back and forth forever There's no "counting" mechanism at the MAC layer This is an easy way to bring down a network And somewhat difficult to troubleshoot Relatively easy to resolve IEEE standard 802.1D to prevent loops in bridged (switched) networks (1990) Switch operation Forwarding decisions made by MAC address Keeps a big table of MAC address that have been seen All forwarding decisions are filtered through this list If the destination MAC is unknown, the frame is flooded Sent to every switch port in the local subnet/VLAN Hopefully the destination station will respond Flooding is hopefully a temporary process Directed traffic resumes when the MAC is seen STP port states Blocking - Not forwarding to prevent a loop Listening - Not forwarding and cleaning the MAC table Learning - Not forwarding and adding to the MAC table Forwarding - Data passes through and is fully operational Disabled - Admini...
Read more

Unicasts, Multicasts, and Broadcasts

Image
Unicast One station sending information to another station Send information between two systems Web surfing, file transfers Does not scale optimally for streaming media Multicast Delivery of information to interested systems One to many Multimedia delivery, stock exchanges Very specialized Difficult to scale across large networks Broadcast Send information to everyone at once One packet, received by everyone Limited scope - the broadcast domain Routing updates, ARP requests Not used in IPv6 - focus on multicast
Read more

Protocol Data Units

PDU (Protocol Data Unit) A unit of transmission A different group of data at different OSI layers Ethernet operates on a frame of data It has no idea what's inside IP operates on a packet of data Inside is TCP or UDP segment, UPD datagram TCP or UDP PDU - TCP segment, UDP datagram Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU) Maximum IP packet to transmit - but not fragment Fragmentation show things down Losing a fragment loses an entire packet Requires overhead along the path Difficult to know the MTU all the way through the path Automated methods are often inaccurate, especially when ICMP is filtered Troubleshooting MTU MTU sizes are usually configured once Based on the network infrastructure and don't change often A significant concern for tunneled traffic The tunnel may be smaller than your local Ethernet segment What if you send packets with Don't Fragment (DF) set? Routers will respond back and tell you to fragment Hope you get the ICMP message! Troubleshoot using ping Ping with DF...
Read more